First and Second Endings
First and second endings are numbered brackets over different closing measures of a repeated section. Play 1. on the first pass, return at the repeat sign, and skip to 2. on the second pass.
- 1. first pass
- repeat the shared section
- 2. second pass
What do the brackets look like?
A horizontal bracket above the staff carries a number such as 1. or 2.. A repeat barline often ends the first-ending bracket. The second bracket follows, providing the alternative measures after the return. The common name volta means a pass or time through the section.
What is the playing order?
Imagine a shared four-measure phrase A and two endings, B1 and B2. The order is A-B1-A-B2. Do not play B1 again on the second pass; the bracket tells you to skip it. If there are more numbers or a combined 2., 3. label, follow those printed passes.
How is this different from a coda?
A second ending is part of a local repeat. A Coda is a separate closing section reached through a larger jump instruction. Both change the route, but the number above a bracket and the “To Coda” sign tell you different actions.
Practice before playing notes
Trace the route with your finger while saying “shared section, first ending, shared section, second ending.” Then tap the actual rhythm. Separating route from pitch keeps the written form from interrupting your playing.
Keep going
Everything in repeat signs
- Coda
- Da Capo (D.C.)
- Dal Segno (D.S.)
- First and Second Endings